idvflI `qy ivsLys:

rosLnIaF df iqAuhfr idvflI

-pUrn isMG pFDI Pon: 905-789-6670

          idvflI dy iqAuhfr nflL mirXfdf prsLoqm sRI rfm cMdr jI dy cOdF sfl df bnvfs kwt ky aXuiDaf vfps afAux dI, sB qoN pRcilq qy sB qoN vwzI Gtnf juVI hoeI hY. ies KusLI ivc aXuiDaf vfsIaF ny dIvy jgfey aqy KusLI prgt kIqI. ieh iqAuhfr KusLI df pRqIk bx igaf. dyKf dyKI hor GtnfvF vI ies nflL juVdIaF geIaF.

        pr rfmcMdr jI dy smy qoN pihlF dIaF hor GtnfvF vI idvflI nflL juVy hox dI sLfhdI BrdIaF hn. ipCokV ivc jfeIey qF pqf cldf hY ik smuMdr mMQn smy DnMqr vYd vI iesy idn prgt hoieaf sI. iesy idn ivsLnUM ny vfmn avqfr Dfrky bflI nUM mfiraf aqy bYkuMT gey sn. iesy smuMdr mMQn ivcoN iewk suMdrI 'lwCmI' pRgt hoeI. ivsLnUM ny ies nUM afpxI arDFgnI bxf ilaf. awgoN ieh Dn dyx vflI 'lwCmI' msLhUr hoeI. ihMdU ies lCmI dI ies idn pUjf krdy hn. idvflI vfly idn sRI ikRsLn ny kMs df Kfqmf kr ky sRI agrsYn nUM rfj iqlk lfAux dI rsm kIqI sI.

      ieMnHF GtnfvF qoN ielfvf purfqn ihMdU imQhfs ivc dIpmflf krn aqy KusLI prgt krn dy XuwgF purfxy smfcfr imldy hn. ivsLnMU purfx anusfr ivsLnUM ny jd vrfh (sUr) rUp Dfiraf qd ipRQvI ny Aus nflL Bog kr ky nrk nfmI puwqr pYdf kIqf; jo guhftI (asfm) df rfjf bixaF. DrqI ivcoN Aupjy ies asur BOmfsur jF nrkfsur jfbr rfjy nUM duafpr ivc ikRsLn jI ny mfiraf aqy 16 hjLfr kMinaF ies dy kbjy ivcoN CuzfeIaF. ies KusLI ivc dIpmflf kIqI geI. ieMnHF sfry hvfilaF qoN idvflLI dI purfqnqf bfry sMkyq imldy hn.

        bhuqy ivcfrDfrk lokF, mwqF qy DrmF ny ivMg-vlL pf ky afpo afpxy mwqF-DrmF df idvflI nflL irsLqf joV ilaf jfpdf hY. afiKaf jFdf hY ik suafmI mhFvIr ny 527 bI[ sI[ ivc idvflI vflLy idn moksL pRfpqI kIqI sI aqy Auh bRhmlIn hoey sn. mhfqmf buwD nUM igafn hox dI Gtxf vI iesy idn nflL joVI jFdI hY. ieh vI afiKaf jFdf hY ik 12 sfl df bnvfs kwt ky pFzv vI idvflI vfly idn afey sn. iswK ivcfrDfrf ivc CyvyN gurU hirgoivMd sfihb dy guaflIar dy ikly ivcoN irhfa hox aqy sRI aMimRqsr phuMcx dI Gtxf joVI jFdI hY. ies KusLI ivc dIpmflLf kIqI jFdI hY. ies nUM bMdI-CoV idvs afiKaf jFdf hY. ieh prMprf bfbf buwZf jI ny arMB kIqI. gurU sfihb nUM ikMnI lMmI kYd hoeI sI pr Auh ikMnF smf kYd ivc rhy, kdoN irhfa hoey aqy iks qrIk nUM guaflIar qoN aMimRqsr puwjy ies bfry vI iswK-skflr iewk mwq nhI. pr bfbf buwZf jI vwloN dIpmflf krn dI gwl sfry svIkfr krdy hn.

         mhfn kosL dy krqf anusfr idvflI ihMdU mwq df lwCmI pUjf df iqAuhfr hY. dIvy df cfnx igafn df pRqIk hY. kdy ies duafrf aigafnqf df hnyrf dUr krn aqy igafn dIaF joqF Aujfgr krn df sMklp isrijaf igaf sI. ies smy lwCmI dI pUjf krnI, nvyN kwpVy pihnxy, brqx KrIdxy, imiTafeIaF afid vMzx dy irvfj hn. ihMdU ies idn afpxy GrF dy bUhy KuwlHy rKdy hn. ivsLvfs hY ik ies idn lwCmI gRih-pRvysL krdI qy Gr-prvfr nUM brkqF nflL BrdI hY.

         mhFrfsLtr ivc ies idn pqIaF vwloN afpxIaF pqnIaF nUM igPt dyx df irvfj hY. BeIaf dUj vflLy idn sonf aqy ipwql dy BFzy KrIdx nUM sLuB mMinaF jFdf hY. bhuq sfry ies idn jUaf Kyzx nUM sLuB mMndy hn. gujrfqI aqy vpfrI lok idvflI qoN ibkrmI sMmq df arMB mMndy hn aqy afpxy nvyN kfrobfr leI nvIaF vhIaF afid lfAuNdy hn. ies idn gxysL dI pUjf kIqI jFdI hY.

         keI QfeIN iewk hor ZMg nflL Brm pfilaf jFdf hY. idvflI qoN iewk idn pihlF kyvl iewk dIvf bfilaf jFdf hY. Aus ivc 'kfxI kOzI' pfeI jFdI hY. dIvf Gr dy vihMdy pfxI kol riKaf jFdf hY. ivsLvfs hY ik pfxI dy vihx nflL hI Gr ivcoN grIbI, dilwdr, bdrUhF qy ibmfrIaF inkl jfxgIaF. ies nUM 'kfxI idvflI' afKdy hn.

     awj qoN iewk hjLfr sfl pihlF cIn ivc brUd (gMn pfAuzr) dI Koj hoeI. Aus qoN iqMn sO sfl ipwCoN mMgolF dy hmilaF smy ies kfZ dI Bfrq ivc afmd hoeI. mugl bfdsLfh bfbr ny pfxIpq dI pihlI lVfeI 1526 ivc iesy qopKfny duafrf ijwq hfsl kIqI aqy mugl sfmrfj dI nINh rwKI sI. Bfrq ivc sB qoN pihlF eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI (1604) ny brUd dI kfZ df kfrKfnf cflU kIqf. brUd dI kfZ nflL ptfky, afqsLbfjI df hor smfn iqafr huMdf hY. sdIaF pihlF DUMm DVwky, ptfky qy sLor sLrfby vflI idvflI df irvfj nhIN sI; kyvl dIvy bfl ky idvflI mnfeI jFdI sI. ies nflL vfqfvrx sLuwD, svwC qy sIql huMdf sI. brUd nflL iqafr hoeI afqsLbfjI df irvfj aMgryjF smy arMB hoieaf hY.

         isLvf kFsLI qfmlnfzU df Cotf ijhf sLihr hY; ijwQy sB qoN vwD ptfky iqafr huMdy hn. iewk aMdfjLy anusfr ptfikaF ivc 350 tn kfgjL sVdf hY; jo 20 hjLfr drKq kwt ky iqafr huMdf hY. GVI-GYNty dy mnorMjn ivc arbF rupey PUky jFdy hn. Pfiedf bpfrI vrg nUM huMdf hY. Kpq mMzI hY. lgBg 80 hjLfr kroV rupey sflfnf ptfikaf qy afqsLbfjLI df vpfr huMdf hY. 80 lwK qoN vwD bwcy ptfikaF dIaF PYktrIaF ivc kMm krdy hn.

         ptfky brUd nflL bxdy hn. ptfikaF ivc 75 PI sdI potfsLIam nfeItryt, 10 PI sdI kolf, 10 PI sdI gMDk, 5 PI sdI sLIsLf qy keI hor pdfrQ imlfey jFdy hn. slPr zfieafksfeIz nflL sfh rukx vrgI ibmfrI huMdI hY. nfeItRojn monoafksfeIz nflL KFsI, jukfm, qy alrjI vrgIaF alfmqF huMdIaF hn. lhU ivc afksIjLn dI kmI huMdI hY. Gfqk qwq hvf ivc GulL jFdy hn. kfrbn zfieafksfeIz duafrf byaMq nuksfn huMdf hY. awKF, nwk qy gly dIaF ibmfrIaF huMdIaF hn. PyPVy qbfh huMdy hn. bolLfpx vDdf hY. grBvqIaF Gfqk rogF df isLkfr huMdIaF hn.

        ies iqAuhfr df ishq qy sPfeI nflL sbMD juiVaf hoieaf hY. scfeI ieh hY ik Bfrq KyqI aDfrq dys Lhox kfrx mnuwK df irjLk KyqI `qy inrBr hY. suwKF suKidaF iCmfhI ipwCoN, hfVHI-sOxI nUM anfj dyKx nUM imldf hY. idvflI mOky sOxI dI Psl bfjrf, mwkI afid nflL buKfrIaF BrdIaF hn. dUjy pfsy ies smy grmI jf rhI huMdI hY aqy srdI df arMB huMdf hY. srdI dy bcfa leI koiTaF aMdr sOxf. AudoN koTy kwcy huMdy sn. ies leI isafxy lok ies idn koiTaF dI cMgI qrHF sPfeI krdy qy imwtI nfl ilpdy pocdy sn. sMiDaf smy srHoN jF iGE dy dIvy bflLy jFdy; ijs nflL vfqfvrx svwC huMdf hY. dIvy iekwly GrF ivc hI nhIN sI jgfey jFdy sn; sgoN mr gey pRfxIaF dy isivaF AuWqy, KUhF, CwpVF-toiBaF AuWqy, iewQoN qwk ik pQkxf, rUVIaF aqy suMn sfn QfvF AuWqy vI jgfey jFdy sn. sfP suQry kwpVy pihndy, imiTafeIaF qy AuWqm Bojn KFdy aqy smfijk qOr qy iewk dUjyy nUM quhPy vMzdy, sLuB-ieCfvF qy vDfeIaF afdfn prdfn krdy hn.  

    pr hux idvflI dy rMg ZMg bdl gey hn. hux ieh iqAuhfr ibmfrIaF, buirafeIaF, JgVy aqy klys nUM jnm dyx jogf rih igaf hY. trwkF dy trwk ptfikaF dy sLihrF ivc afAuNdy qy vycy jFdy hn. idvflI vflLy idn arbF rupey dy ptfky qy afqsLbfjLIaF awg lf ky suafh kIqy jFdy hn. KUMn psIny dI kmfeI imMtF sikMtF ivc sfV ky suafh kIqI jFdI hY. prdUsLn hor gfVHf huMdf hY. idvflI qoN agly idn aKbfrF dIaF lt lt blLdIaF surKIaF nflL Bry huMdy hn. iBafnk hfdsy huMdy, lwKF kroV rupey dIaF pRfprtIaF suafh huMdIaF, keIaF dy aMg Julsy jFdy, keI apfhj huMdy qy ijLMdgI qoN hwQ Do bYyTdy hn. iewk aMdfjLy anusfr ptfikaF nflL, hr sfl 13 hjLfr durGtnfvF ivc mnuwKI jfnF df nuksfn huMdf hY.     

   drbfr sfihb aMimRqsr ivc hr sfl afqsLbfjI ivc lgBg zyZ lwK dy ptfky clfey jFdy hn. keI KfndfnF ivc afqsLbfjI df kMpItIsLn huMdf hY. iewk prvfr sO sfl qoN vDyry smy qoN afqsLbfjI dI 'syvf' ivc lgf hoieaf hY. pihlF awDf GMtf hux 10 qoN 15 imMt qwk afqsLbfjI dI prdrsLnI kIqI jFdI hY.

ikwQy KVyH hn ajy vI ies dunIaF dy kuJ lok

rsm dy nfm AuWqy bwcIafˆ dy nfl huMdf hY sYks

- aYWz btlr

dwKx pUrbI aPrIkI dyÈ mlfvI dy kfPLI dUr dwKx ihwsy ivwc lVkIafˆ dy jvfn hox Auwqy iewk sYks vrkr dy nfl sYks krfey jfx dI iewk anoKI prMprf hY. ies sYks vrkr nUM hfienf kihMdy hn. ipMz dy vwzy -bujurg ies nUM nf hI blfqkfr mMndy hn aqy nf hI ies ivwc koeI burfeI vyKdy hn. Auh ies nUM ÈuwDIkrx dI iewk rsm dy qOr Auwqy vyKdy hn. lyiknies pwqrkfr dI ijs hfienf nfl mulfkfq hoeI Auh eyzjL qoN pRBfivq sI aqy rsm dy muqfibk Aus nUM kMzom vI iesqymfl nhIˆ krn idwqf jfˆdf hY aqy nf hI Auh ieh gwl prgt krdf hY. ies leI rsm dy kfrn eyzjL vrgIaF sYks nfl juVIaF bImfrIafˆ dy PYlx df bhuq Éqrf hY. sMXukq rfÈtr dy muqfbk mlfvI ivwc hr dsF ivwcoˆ iewk aOrq jfˆ mrd aYWcafeIvI qoN pIVHq hY. pwqrkfr aYWz btlr df kihxf hY ik dwKx mlfvI dy nIsfˆjy ijlHy ivwc myrI mulfkfq aYirk eynIvf nfl hoeI jo ik iewk hfienf hY aqy iewQy smfj dy lok ÈuwDIkrx dy qihq sYks krn leI hfienf nUM BfVy Auwqy bulfAuˆdy hn. ÈuwDIkrx dy qihq jykr koeI afdmI mr jfˆdf hY qfˆ AusdI pqnI nUM afpxy pqI dy dfh sskfr qoN pihlfˆ hfienf dy nfl sOxf pYˆdf hY. jykr iksy aOrq df grBpfq ho igaf ho igaf qF vI AusnUM Xon ÈuwDIkrx dI ies pirkRIaf ivwcoN gujrnf pYˆdf hY.

sB qoˆ hYrfnI dI gwl hY ik iewQy lVkIafˆ dI pihlI mfhvfrI dy bfad hI AunHfˆ nUM ÈuwiDkrx dI ies pirkRIaf ivwcoN gujrnf huMdf hY. jykr lVkIafˆ sMbMD bxfAux qoN mnfhI kr dyx qfˆ mMinaf jfˆdf hY ik AunHfˆ dy prvfr jfˆ pUry ipMz dy nfl rog jfˆ kuwJ hor bhuq BYVf hox vflf hY. eynIvf ny dwisaf ik mYˆ ijnHfˆ lokfˆ dy nfl sMbMD bxfieaf hY AunHfˆ ivcoˆ ijafdfqr skUl jfx vflI lVkIafˆ hn. kuwJ lVkIafˆ qfˆ 12 jfˆ 13 sfl dI Aumr dIaF hI hoxgIafˆ lyikn mYˆ ijafdf Aumr dIafˆ lVkIafˆ nUM qrjIh idMdf hfˆ. ieh sfrIaF lVkIafˆ mYnUM hfienf dy rUp ivwc pfky kfÌI KuÈ huMdIafˆ hn. Auh asl ivwc Pkr mihsUs krdIaF hn aqy lokfˆ nUM kihMdIaF hn ik ieh afdmI asl ivwc iewk mrd hY. ieh jfxdf hY ik ikvyˆ iewk aOrq nUM KuÈ kIqf jfˆdf hY. Ausdy dfhivafˆ dy bfvjUd bgl dy ipMz dIaF keI lVkIafˆ ny ies rsm dy pRqI afpxy Êuwsy df iejLhfr kIqf hY. iehnfˆ ivcoˆ iewk kuVI mfrIaf ny ikhf ik myry kol ies nUM krn dy isvfey koeI dUjf cfrf nhIˆ sI .mYnUM afpxy mfqf -ipqf dI Kfqr ieh krnf ipaf. jykr mYˆ ieh krn qoN mnfhI kr idMdI qfˆ myry prvfr dy lokfˆ nUM bImfrIafˆ ho jFdIaF aqy AunHfˆ dI mOq vI ho skdI sI aqy ies leI mYˆ zr geI sI.

Aus ny dwisaf ik Aus dIaF sfrIaF dosqfˆ nUM hfienf dy nfl sYks krnf ipaf hY. eynIvf dI Aumr cflHI dy afly duafly lwgdI hY. Auh afpxI Aumr nUM lY ky inÈicq nhIˆ hY. Aus dIaF do bIvIafˆ hn aqy Auh dovyN hI eynIvf dy kMm dy bfry ivwc cMgI qrHF jfxdIafˆ hn. eynIvf df dfavf hY ik Aus ny hux qwk 104 aOrqfˆ aqy lVkIafˆ dy nfl sYks kIqf hY. Aus ny sfl 2012 ivwc iewk sQfink aÉbfr ivwc vI iehI igxqI dwsI sI .Auh kihMdf hY ik mYnUM lwgdf hY ik Auh kfÌI arsy pihlfˆ iesdf ihsfb lgfAuxf Buwl cuwikaf hY.

eynIvf dy pMj bwcy hn aqy afpxy ipqf dy bfry ivwc AunHF nUM pqf hY. Aus nUM ies gwl df koeI aMdfjf nhIˆ hY ik Aus ny ikMnIaF lVkIafˆ aqy aOrqfˆ nUM grBvqI bxfieaf hY. Aus ny dwisaf ik nIsfˆjy ivwc Aus smyq 10 hfienf hn jo ik ijlHy dy sfry ipMzfˆ ivwc hn. Aus nUM iewk vfr sYks krn leI krIb 200 qoN lY ky 500 rupey qwk imldy hn. iPr btlr dI mulfkfq pMjfh dI Aumr dy afly duafly dIafˆ aOrqfˆ PfgIsI, kirsI aqy PYlIaf nfl hoeI ijnHF dy Auwqy afpxy ipMzF ivwc ies pMrprf nUM bxfey rwKx dI iËMmydfrI hY. ieh AunHF dI iËMmydfrI hY ik Auh hr sfl kYˆp ivwc jvfn huMdIaF lVkIafˆ nUM lY ky afAux aqy AunHF nUM ieh dwsIey ik AunHF nUM iewk pqnI dy qOr Auwqy ikvyˆ rihxf hY aqy mrd nUM sYks df suwK ikvyˆ dyxf hY.

Xon ÈuwDIkrx ies pirkRIaf df afiÉrI pVfa huMdf hY jo ik kuVI dy mfˆ -bfp dI afpxI iewCf nfl afXoijq kIqf jfˆdf hY. pwqrkfr btlr ny jdoˆ Aus dy sfhmxy Xon ÈuwDIkrx dy kfrn bImfrIafˆ dy hox dy joKm df ijLkr kIqf qfˆ Aus df kihxf sI ik cMgy cirwqr vfilafˆ nUM hI hfienf dy qOr Auwqy cuixaf jfˆdf hY ies leI Auh aYWcafeIvI jfˆ eyzj qoN pIVHq nhIˆ ho skdy hn. ies rsm dy muqfibk kMzom dy iesqymfl Auwqy vI rok hY aqy

ies qoˆ ieh sfÌ qOr AuWqy idsdf hY ik ies rsm dI vjHf nfl iewQoN dy lokfˆ ivwc aYWcafeIvI df bhuq joKm hY. jdoˆ eynIvf nUM aYWcafeIvI  dy bfry ivwc puwiCaf qfˆ Aus ny dwisaf ik Auh aYWcafeIvI qoN pRBfivq hY lyikn ieh gwl jdoˆ Aus nUM BfVy Auwqy sYks krn leI bulfieaf jfˆdf hY qfˆ Auh lVkIafˆ dy mfˆ-bfp nUM dsdf nhIN hY. Auh mMndf hY ik ies prMprf dI vjHf nfl eyzjL PYlx df joKm vDdf hY. ies rsm nUM inBfAux vfilafˆ nUM pqf hY ik igrjf Gr dy nfl-nfl bfhrI lok, aYWnjIE aqy srkfr vI ies rsm dy iKlfP hY.

          srkfr ny iesdy iKlfP iewk aiBafn vI clf rwiKaf hY. jYˆzr aqy vylPyar mMqrfly dI sQfeI skwqr zfktr mya Èfbf df kihxf hY ik asI ienHF lokfˆ dI inMidaf nhIˆ kr rhy hfˆ sgoˆ asI AunHF nUM ieh dws rhy hfˆ ik AunHfˆ nUM ibmfrIaF qoN bcx leI afpxI rsm nUM bdlx dI ËrUrq hY ikAuNik ies rsm nfl ibmfrIaF df Kqrf vDdf hY lVkIaF df sosLx huuMdf hY pr ies uielfky dy lok srkfr dI gwl suxn nUM iqafr nhIN hn.

jdoN ieMdrf gFDI ny vMz ky KfDI afpxI kurkurI iBMzI - ryhfn PjLl

sfl 1966 ivwc jdoˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI Bfrq dI pRDfnmMqrI bxI qfˆ Auh isrÌ 48 sfl dI sI. AunHfˆ dI ishq bhuq cMgI sI aqy iksy qrHfˆ df rog nhIˆ sI, ies leI ÈurU dy iqMn mhIinafˆ ivwc AunHfˆ ny afpxy leI koeI zfktr nhIˆ rwiKaf. lyikn iewk idn jdoˆ Auh iewk dOry qoˆ vfps prq rhy sn, AunHfˆ df jhfË eyar tribAUlYNs ivwc Ps igaf ijs dI vjHf nfl AunHfˆ dy nfl sPr kr rhy kuwJ lok afpxIaF sItfˆ qoN izwg gey sn. iehnfˆ ivcoˆ kuwJ nUM cotF lwgIaF aqy KUn inklx lwgf. AunHfˆ lokfˆ df mfmUlI ielfj vI nhIˆ ho sikaf ikAuˆik pRDfnmMqrI dy jhfj ivwc koeI zfktr nhIˆ sI. Audoˆ ieh qYa kIqf igaf ik pRDfn mMqrI df afpxf inwjI zfktr hoxf cfhIdf hY ijsnUM AunHfˆ dy nfl hmyÈf jfxf cfhIdf hY. zfktr ky pI mfQur dwsdy hn ik ieMdrf gfˆDI dy skwqr aYn ky ÈyÈn ny sPdrjMg hspqfl dy pRDfn krnl afr zI awXr nUM Pon krky ieMdrf gfˆDI leI iewk kfibl zfktr dI mMg kIqI. svfl ieh AuWiTaf ik iewk cMgy zfktr ivwc kI KUbIafˆ hoxIaF cfhIdIaF hn. pihlI cIjL qfˆ ieh ik AusnUM cMgf zfktr hoxf cfhIdf hY. dUsrf AusnUM afpxf mUMh KolHx jfˆ zIˆgfˆ mfrn dI afdq nhIˆ hoxI cfhIdI hY aqy qIsrf ieh ik AusnUM qmIjdfr hoxf cfhIdf hY. zfktr mfQur nUM ienHF iqMnfˆ ksOtIafˆ Auwqy Krf pfieaf igaf aqy AunHfˆ nUM ieMdrf gfˆDI df inwjI zfktr bxf idwqf igaf.

Ausdy bfad zfktr mfQur df ieMdrf gfˆDI nfl imlx df jo islislf ÈurU hoieaf qfˆ Auh invyklf aqy Bfv iBMnf irhf. ies dOrfn AunHfˆ nUM ieMdrf gfˆDI dy iensfnIaq pwK nUM njdIk qoˆ dyKx df mOkf imilaf. afpxy zfktr dI nËr ivwc ikho ijhI sI ieMdrf gfˆDI ? 18 sflfˆ qwk ieMdrf gfˆDI dy injI zfktr rhy zf[ ky pI mfQur ny hfl hI ivwc pRkfiÈq afpxI ikqfb 'd ansIn ieMdrf gfˆDI QrU hr iPjIÈIaMs afeIjL' ivwc AunHfˆ dy jIvn nfl juVIaF keI gwlfˆ dwsIaF hn. afpxI ikqfb ivwc zfktr mfQur dwsdy hn, ieMdrf gfˆDI dy Gr ivwc do syvk sB qoˆ purfxy sn, jo AunHfˆ dy nfl afnMd Bvn dy jLmfny qoˆ sn. ieMdrf gfDI AunHfˆ nUM ielfhfbfdI lihjLy ivwc avDI ivwc gwl kiraf krdy sn. AunHfˆ ivcoˆ rfm kumfrI AunHfˆ nUM mYzm jfˆ BYxjI nf kih ky BieXfjI kih ky pukfrdI sI. Èfied Auh Auh pRQf muqfibk sI ik prvfr ivwc pYdf hox vfly pihlfˆ bwcy nUM, jykr Auh kuVI vI hovy, muMzy dI qrHfˆ pfilaf jfˆdf sI. jdoˆ sonIaf gfˆDI df rfjIv gfˆDI nfl ivafh hoieaf qfˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI ny inrdyÈ idwqy ik Gr ivwc hmyÈf ihMdI bolI jfvy qfˆ ik ietlI qoN afeI sonIaf ies BfÈf nUM CyqI qoN CyqI iswK lvy.

mfQur Xfd krdy hn ik Bfrq ivwc vwK vwK dOirafˆ dy dOrfn ieMdrf gfˆDI hmyÈf kfr dI aglI sIt Auwqy zrfievr dy bÊl ivwc bYTdy sn qfˆik iËafdf qoˆ iËafdf lok AunHfˆ nUM vyK skx. rfq vyly Auh bYtrI vflI tfrc jgf ky afpxI god ivwc rwKdy sn qfˆik AusdI roÈnI AunHfˆ dy ichry Auwqy pYˆdI rhy aqy lok AunHfˆ nUM sOK nfl vyK skx. ieMdrf gfˆDI kdy vI bYWz tI nhIˆ lYˆdy sn. nihrU vI kdy bYWz tI dI mMg nhIˆ krdy sn. AunHfˆ df idn bhuq hI sDfrx nfÈqy nfl ÈurU huMdf sI. zbl rotI dIaF do slfiesF ijs ivwc nfmfqr mwKx lwgf huMdf sI, iewk awDf Aubilaf afˆzf, mOsmI Pl ijs ivwc ijafdfqr syb hoieaf krdf sI aqy duwD ivwc bxI kfÌI. idn df Kfxf pUrI qrHfˆ nfl ÈfkfhfrI huMdf sI. rfq ivwc kdy kdy mfsfhfrI Kfxf bxfieaf jfˆdf sI. rfjIv dy ivafh dy bfad sonIaf kdy-kdy kMntInYˆtl Kfxf bxfAuˆdI sI ijsnUM ieMdrf gfˆDI bhuq psMd krdy sn. zfktr mfQur dwsdy hn ik ieMdrf jI dI rsoeI ivwc bnx vflI kurkurI iBMzI mYnUM bhuq psMd sI. mYˆ jdoˆ AunHfˆ dy Gr ivwc mOjUd rihMdf sI qfˆ aksr Auh mYnUM Kfx dI myË Auwqy swd lYˆdy sn. iewk vfr plyt ivwc QoVHI hI kurkurI iBMzI bcI sI. mYˆ AusnUM Kfx dI iewCf Ëfihr kIqI qfˆ ieMdrf jI ny rsoeIey nUM hor iBMzI ilafAux leI ikhf. QoVHI dyr bfad Ausny ieÈfry nfl ikhf ik iBMzI qfˆ Éqm ho geI hY.

ieMdrf gfˆDI ny qurMq afpxI plyt ivwc pihlfˆ qoN prosI geI kurkurI iBMzI df iewk cwmc myrI plyt ivwc pf idwqf. mYˆ bhuq ikhf ik mYˆ iksy hor idn Kf lvfˆgf lyikn Auh nhIˆ mMnIˆ. mYˆ bhuq iesrfr kIqf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny iewk cwmc iBMzI vfps afpxI plyt ivwc pf leI. mYˆ AunHfˆ df ieh PrfKidlI vyK ky acMiBwq ho igaf.

iewk vfr ldfÉ dy dOry Auwqy iewk idlcsp Gtnf GtI. hoieaf ievyˆ ik hfeI afltIitAUz rog qoˆ bcx leI zfktr mfQur ny lyh ivwc Auwqrn qoN pihlfˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI dy hYlIkfptr ivwc svfr sfry lokfˆ nUM lYisks dI iewk iewk golI Kvf idwqI. ies golI df iewk pRBfv ieh huMdf hY ik Kfx vfly ÈKs nUM jldI jldI pyÈfb afAuˆdf hY. mfQur dwsdy hn ik ieMdrf gfˆDI leI qfˆ eyar Pors vfilafˆ ny hYlIkfptr ivwc hI tfielt jfx dI ivvsQf kr rwKI sI. lyikn ijvyˆ hI hYlIkfptr ny lYˆz kIqf aqy Ausdf drvfjf KuwlHdy hI Aus ivwc svfr sfry lok afpxIaF pYˆtF dIaF ijwpF KolHdy hoey koeI konf Bflx Bwjy. AunHfˆ ny Aus pRotokfl df vI pflx nhIˆ kIqf ik hYlIkfptr dy lYˆz krn qoN sB qoˆ pihlfˆ pRDfn mMqrI hyTfˆ AuqrdI hY. ieMdrf gfˆDI dI smJ ivwc nhIˆ afieaf ik aijhf ikAuˆ ho irhf hY? jdoˆ zfktr mfQur ny AunHfˆ nUM ies df aslI kfrn dwisaf qfˆ Auh bhuq hwsI aqy zfktr mfQur nUM bolIˆ ik qusIˆ jfxbuwJ ky lokfˆ nUM qMg krn leI ieh Èrfrq kIqI hY.

ieMidrf gfˆDI CuwtI dy idn lMc dy bfad kdy-kdy qfÈ Kyizaf krdy sn. AunHfˆ df psMdI dI Kyz sI 'kflI mym' ijsnUM Kyzxf zfktr mfQur nUM nhIˆ afAuˆdf sI. iewk idn AunHf ˆny afpxy stfP dy nfl aYkitMg df Kyz Kyizaf. ieMdr gFDI jI ny afpxy hwQ nfl ilK ky iewk jfr ivwc keI prcIaF pfeIaF. Aus CotI prcI ivwc jo iliKaf huMdf, AuwQy mOjUd ÈKs nUM Aus anusfr aYkitMg krnI pYˆdI. jdoˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI dy iewk sfQI XÈpfl kpUr ny CotI prcI kwZI qfˆ Aus Auwqy iliKaf sI spyrf. AunHfˆ ny spyry dI vIx vjfAuˆdy hoey aYkitMg krky ivKfeI. zfktr mfQur dI CotI prcI ivwc inkilaf arb ÈyK. AunHfˆ ny awgf vyiKaf nf ipwCf, AuwQy pey iewk qOlIey nUM afpxy isr Auwqy lpyt ky arb hYzgIar vrgf bxfAux dI koiÈÈ kIqI. iPr AunHfˆ ny iewk cfdr nUM afpxy cfrfˆ qrP lpyt ky arb gfAUn bxfieaf. ieMdrf gfˆDI smyq sfry lokfˆ df ieh vyK ky hwsdy hwsdy BYVf hfl ho igaf. mfQur kihMdy hn, "AunHfˆ ny myrI qrP ieÈfrf krdy hoey ikhf ik irtfier hox dy bfad mYˆ iewk QIeytr kMpnI KolHfˆgI aqy qusI Aus ivwc muwK aYktr df rol krogy."

1971 ivwc jdoˆ Bfrq-pfiksqfn lVfeI ÈurU hoeI qfˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI kolkqf dy mYdfn ivwc BfÈx dy rhy sn. mfQur kihMdy hn, jdoˆ asI rfq dy bfrfˆ vjy idwlI prqy qfˆ mYˆ AunHfˆ nUM ikhf ik mYˆ awj rfq quhfzy Gr ivwc rukxf cfhfˆgf. lyikn AunHfˆ ny myrI gwl nhIˆ mMnI aqy Ëor dy ky ikhf ik mYˆ afpxy Gr jfvF ikAuˆik myry Gr vfly pRysLfn hoxgy. mYˆ iPr ieMdrf gfˆDI dy syvk nwQUrfm nUM ikhf ik qusI ibnfˆ ieMdrf jI nUM dwsy myry rihx df ieMqËfm pRDfn mMqrI invfs Auwqy kr idE.

mfQur awgy kihMdy hn ik mYˆ AuQy hI rfq guËfrI aqy svyry qVky afpxy Gr clf igaf. svyry awT vjy jdoˆ mYˆ vfps pRDfn mMqrI invfs Auwqy priqaf qfˆ kI vyKdf hfˆ ik ieMdrf gfˆDI afpxy hwQfˆ nfl afpxy kmry dy dIvfn Auwqy cfdr ivCf rhy sn. AunHfˆ ny muskrfAuˆdy hoey myry qoˆ puwiCaf rfq ikvyˆ dI nIˆd afeI? AunHfˆ nUM pqf hI nhIˆ sI ik mYˆ Aus rfq AunHfˆ dy Gr hI guËfrI sI, ies zroˆ ik pRDfn mMqrI nUM iksy dvfeI dI ËrUrq nf pY jfvy ikAuNik lVfeI kfrn Auh kfPLI qxfa ivwc sn.

mfQur dwsdy hn ik 1974 ivwc ijs idn Bfrq ny afpxI prmfxu pRIiKaf kIqI sI, Auh AunHfˆ nUM dyKx pRDfn mMqrI invfs Auwqy puwjy. mfQur kihMdy hn ik mYˆ jdoˆ AuwQy awpiVaf qfˆ nwQU rfm ny ikhf iswDy cly jfE, Auh afpxy kmry ivwc hY. jdoˆ mYˆ drvfjf TkTkfieaf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny ikhf afE jI. lyikn mYnUM vyKdy hI Auh pRysLfn ho geI. mYˆ AunHfˆ nUM nmskfr kIqf lyikn AunHfˆ ny Ausdf jvfb nhIˆ idwqf. mYnUM bYTx leI AunHfˆ ny nhIˆ ikhf. mYˆ AunHfˆ nfl kuwJ hwlkI PulkI gwl krn dI koiÈÈ kIqI. lyikn AunHfˆ ny myrI qrP koeI iDafn hI nhIˆ idwqf. mYˆ iewk cIj not kIqI ik AunHfˆ dI nËr vfr vfr tYlIPon Auwqy jf rhI sI ijvyˆ Auh iksy Pon df ieMqjfr kr rhy hox. AuQy hI iewk not buwk rwKI hoeI sI ijs Auwqy hwQ nfl gfieqrI mMqr iliKaf hoieaf sI. QoVHI dyr ivwc mYˆ pRysLfn ho igaf.mYˆ ikhf ik iPr iksy hor idn afvfˆgfˆ quhfzf cYWk ap krn. Auh Jwtpwt iesdy leI rfjI ho geI. AunHf ˆny afpxy afp awgy vwD ky bfhr jfx leI drvfjf Kol idwqf. mYnUM aijhf lgf ijvyˆ Auh cfh rhy hox ik mYˆ qurMq AuwQoN clf jfvfˆ. bfad ivwc jdoˆ ieh Ébr afeI ik Bfrq ny poKrx ivwc afpxf pihlf prmfxU qjrbf kIqf hY qwd mYnUM aihsfs hoieaf ik Auh ikAuˆ afpxy Gr ivwc mYnUM vyK ky pRysLfn ho gey sn ikAuˆik Aus smyˆ Auh prmfxu tYst dy bfry ivwc afAux vfly Pon df ieMqjfr kr rhy sn aqy Auh kdy vI nhIˆ cfhuMdy sn ik iesdI iBxk iksy hor nUM lwgy.

1977 ivwc jdoˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI cox hfrI qfˆ AunHfˆ dy kol ikqy hor rihx leI koeI Gr nhIˆ sI. afpxf puÈqYnI mkfn afnMd Bvn Auh rfÈtr nUM pihlfˆ hI smrpq kr cuwkI sI. AunHfˆ dy iewk sihXogI muhMmd XUnus ny nf isrP afpxf Gr 12, ivilMgtn krYsyˆt AunHfˆ dy leI KflI kr idwqf sgoˆ afpxf rsoeIaf vI AunHfˆ nUM dy idwqf. iesy dOrfn hirafxy dy sfbkf muwK mMqrI Bgvq idXfl Èrmf gMBIr rUp ivwc bImfr sn aqy eymj hsqpfl ivwc BrqI sI. AunHfˆ ny ieMdrf gfˆDI nUM imlx dI iewCf ijqfeI. mfQur Xfd krdy hn ik Aus smyˆ ieMdrf gfˆDI dy kol afpxI koeI kfr nhIˆ sI. AunHfˆ dy iewk jfxn vfly AunHfˆ dy iesqymfl leI iewk kfr Byj idMdy sn. Bgvq idXfl Èrmf df sunyhf imldy hI ieMdrf gfˆDI afpxy Gr dy bfhr afeI. mYˆ vI AunHfˆ dy ipwCy ipwCy inkilaf. qwd qwk AunHfˆ dy dosq dI kfr nhIˆ phuMcI sI. kony ivwc myrI kfr KVI sI. AunHfˆ ny myry qoˆ puwiCaf kI asI ies kfr ivwc eyˆms cwl skdy hfˆ. mYˆ kfr nUM zrfeIv krdf hoieaf porc qwk lY afieaf. myrI CotI ijhI PIat kfr hoieaf krdI sI. mYˆ AunHfˆ dy bYTx leI kfr df ipwCy df drvfjf Kol idwqf. jdoˆ mYˆ zrfieivMg sIt dI qrPL jfx lgf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny puwiCaf kI quhfzf zrfievr nhIˆ hY? mYˆ jdoˆ ikhf ik mYˆ afpxI kfr afpxy afp clfAuNdf hfˆ qfˆ AunHfˆ ny ikhf 'afeI kfˆt trIt XU aYj ey zrfievr'. ieh kih ky Auh ipwCy dI sIt qoN Auwqr ky awgy myrI sIt dy bÊl ivwc afky bYT geI. mYˆ AunHfˆ nUM lY ky eymj lY igaf ijwQy AunHfˆ ny Bgvq dXfl Èrmf df AunHfˆ df hflcfl puwiCaf. Audoˆ AunHfˆ nUM pqf lwgf ik Ausy hspqfl ivwc mÈhUr Èfier iPrfk gorKpurI vI BrqI hn qF Auh AunHfˆ nUM vI dyKx geIˆ. myry leI bhuq mfx dI gwl sI ik Bfrq dI sfbkf pRDfnmMqrI myry vrgy adny zfktr dI CotI ijhI PIat ivwc awgy vflI sIt Auwqy myry bgl ivwc bYT ky ibnfˆ iksy qfm Jfm aqy surwiKaf dy eymjL geI sI. zfktr ky pI mfQur dI ieMdrf gfˆDI nfl afiÉrI mulfkfq AunHfˆ dI mOq qoN kuwJ imMt pihlfˆ hoeI sI. mfQur Xfd krdy hn ik mYˆ hmyÈf dI qrHfˆ AunHfˆ nUM dyKx svyry awT vjy AunHfˆ dy Gr awpiVaf sI. mYnUM lgf ik AunHfˆ nUM jukfm hox vflf sI. ies leI mYˆ AunHfˆ nUM kuwJ golIafˆ idwqIaF. Aus smyˆ dUrdrÈn dI iewk mykap prsn kfˆqf BfrqI AunHfˆ df mykap krn afeI hoeI sI ikAuˆik QoVHI dyr bfad AunHfˆ nUM mÈhUr QIeytr prsnfltI pItr AusqInov nUM iewk ieMtrivAU dyxI sI. jd AunHfˆ df mykap ho hI irhf sI qfˆ mYˆ ievyˆ hI kuwJ gwl krn leI ikhf ik mYˆ tfiem mYgjIn ivwc piVHaf hY ik amrIkf dy rfÈtrpqI ronlz rIgn tIvI ieMtrivAU qoN pihlfˆ mykap nhIˆ krvfˆAudy hn. ieMdrf jI ny ikhf ieh gwl TIk nhIˆ hY. mYˆ qfˆ ieh suixaf hY ik ieMtrivAU idMdy smyN AunHfˆ dy kMn ivwc eIarPon lwgy huMdy hn ijs nfl AunHfˆ dy sfQI dwsdy rihMdy hn ik AunHfˆ ny iks svfl df iks qrHfˆ nfl jvfb dyxf hY.

ieMdrf gfˆDI nUM iml ky zfktr mfQur afpxy hspqfl leI inkly hI sn ik ieMdrf dy iskAUirtI gfrzF ny AunHfˆ Auwqy golIaF clf idwqIaF. jdoˆ qwk zfktr mfQur eyms puwjy qF ieMdrf gfˆDI ies dunIaf qoN dUr jf cuwky sn.

lMdnqoV isMG qoN rfjnIqI dy cfxwikaf qwk!!

jdoˆ 'surjIq sfbx aqy brYWz' nfl ijMdf irhf ikAUbf

- ryhfn Pjl

pMjfbI rUp: prmjIq sMDU

23 mfrc 1932 nUM ÈhId Bgq isMG df pihlf ÈhIdI idn sI. huiÈafrpur kfˆgrs kmytI ny GoÈxf kIqI sI ik kmytI ies mOky `qy hiÈafrpur dI kichrI Auwqy kfˆgrs df JMzf JulfvygI. lyikn jdoˆ kfˆgrs nyqfvfˆ ny suixaf ik POj nUM swd ilaf igaf hY qfˆ AunHfˆ ny afpxf progrfm rwd kr idwqf. 16 sfl dy hrikÈn isMG surjIq ny jdoˆ ies df kfrn puwiCaf qfˆ AunHfˆ nUM dwisaf igaf ik srkfr dy vwloˆ afdyÈ idwqf igaf hY ik jo vI JMzf JulfAux dI koiÈÈ krygf Aus nUM golI nfl Auwzf idwqf jfvygf.

          surjIq dy poqy sMdIp isMG bwsI kihMdy hn, "pRogrfm dy rwd hox Auwqy surjIq ny inrfjLgI jLfihr kIqI. ies Auwqy AuwQy mOjUd iewk kfˆgrsI nyqf ny ikhf ik jykr qUM ienHf hI bhfdur hYN qfˆ afpxy afp hI jf ky JMzf Julfdy. surjIq ny lMmf kuVqf pfieaf hoieaf sI. AunHfˆ ny JMzy nUM Aus ivwc iCpfieaf. qyjI nfl pOVIafˆ cVHdy hoey Auwqy puwjy aqy XUnIan jYk nUM Auqfr ky kfˆgrs df JMzf Julf idwqf. surjIq nUM igRPqfr kr ilaf igaf aqy agly idn jdoˆ mijstryt ny AunHfˆ df nfm puwiCaf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny jvfb idwqf myrf nfm lMdnqoV isMG hY". surjIq nUM ies gusqfÉI leI iewk sfl dI sjLf suxfeI geI sI.

          bhuq Gwt lokfˆ nUM pqf hY ik hrikÈn isMG surjIq ny afpxI jnmimqI afpxy afp cuxI sI. mfrksvfdI kimAuinst pfrtI dy mhFsicv sIqfrfm XycurI dwsdy hn ik Aus jmfny ivwc jnmimqI df irkfrz nhIˆ rwiKaf jfˆdf sI. iqAuhfrF dy afDfr Auwqy jnmimqI inrDfrq huMdI sI. jdoˆ dsvIˆ dI prIiKaf afeI qfˆ AunHfˆ nUM afpxI jnmimqI dwsx leI ikhf igaf. AunHfˆny afpxI mfˆ qoˆ puwiCaf lyikn AunHfˆ nUM iesdy bfry ivwc pqf nhIˆ sI. AunHf ˆny afpxy hIro Bgq isMGdy ÈhIdIidn 23 mfrc nUM afpxI jnmimqI cuixaf aqy AusnUM Ìfrm ivwc ilKvf idwqf. Audoˆ qoN hux qwk 23 mfrc nUM hI AunHfˆ df jnmidn mnfieaf jfˆdf hY.

          iewk vfr jvfhr lfl nihrU BfÈx dyx surjIq dy ipMz afey. afm sBf qoN iewk idn pihlfˆ puils ny sBf vflI styj aqy afs pfs dy QF nUM afpxy kbËy ivwc lY ilaf. surjIq dy Kyqfˆ ivwc jOˆa dI Psl bIjI hoeI sI. agly idn jdoˆ lok suwqy AuwTy qfˆ AuwQy Èfimafny aqy drIafˆ ivCIaF vyK ky hYrfn rih gey. rfq nUM hI surjIq ny afrQk nuksfn dI prvfh nf krdy hoey Psl nUM AujfV ky Kyqfˆ nUM pwDrf kr idwqf sI qfˆ ik AuwQy afm sBf ho sky. Auh afm sBf hoeI aqy nihrU ny jbrdsq BfÈx idwqf.

          surjIq dI srlqf aqy spÈtqf AunHfˆ nUM hor BfrqI nyqfvfˆ qoˆ vwK krdI sI. AunHfˆ dy korypn df svfd qqkflIn rUsI rfÈtrpqI imKfiel gorbfcov ny cwiKaf sI. XycurI Xfd krdy hn, "1987 ivwc rUsI kRfˆqI dI 70vIN brsI dy mOky Auwqy dunIaf Brdy kimAuinst nyqf mfsko ivwc iekwTy hoey sn. rfq dy Bojn dy smyˆ jdoˆ AunHfˆ dI jfx pihcfx gorbfcov nfl krvfeI jf rhI sI qfˆ AunHfˆ ny nMbUdrIpfd aqy myry sfhmxy gorbfcov nUM ikhf sI ik AunHfˆ df isDfˆq glq hY aqy Auh afAux vfly idnfˆ ivwc kMimAuinst aMdoln nUM pUrI dunIaf ivwc ptVI qoˆ Auqfr dyvygf. AuwQy mOjUd keI kimAuinst nyqf iesy qrHfˆ dI soc rwKdy sn lyikn aijhf kih skx dI iksy dI ihMmq nhIˆ pY rhI sI. gorbfcov surjIq dI gwl sux ky hwky bwky rih gey sn aqy afpxf isr ihlfAux lwgy sn."

          Gwt Aumr ivwc hI surjIqdf ivafh pRIqm kOr nfl ho igaf sI. surjIq jdoˆ afpxI mfˆdy nfl dulhn nUM Gr ilaf rhy sn qfˆ puils nUM AunHfˆ dy afAux dI iBxk lwg geI sI. surjIq dI pqnI pRIqm kOr jo ies smyˆ 92 sfl dI hY, Xfd krdI hY, "ivafhdy bfad asI lok qfˆgy `qy Gr prq rhy sF qFipMz df rsqf 12-15 iklomItr df sI. rsqy ivwc puils AunHfˆnUM PVn af geI. AunHfˆny ikhf awj hI sfzf ivafh hoieaf hY. qusI ieMnI iejfjqdy idE ik mYˆ afpxI pqnI nUM Gr Cwz ky af jfvfˆ. mYnUM Gr Cwzxdy bfad puils ny AunHfˆ nUM igrPqfr kr ilaf. kuwJ idnfˆ bfad jdoˆ mYˆ AunHfˆ nUM imlx jylH geI qfˆ Auh mYnUM pihcfx hI nhIˆ sky. myrI nnfx ny AunHfˆ nUM dwisaf ik mYˆ AunHfˆ dI pqnI hfˆ".

          1991 ivwc sovIaq sMGdy tuwtxdy bfad jdoˆ ikAUbf dI afrQk hflq Érfb ho geI qfˆ AunHfˆny pfrtI vwloˆikAUbf nUM ds hjfr tn kxk iBjvfAux df bIVf cuwikaf sI. sIqfrfm XycurI Xfd krdy hn, "ieh kMm kfmryz surjIq hI kr skdy sn. AunHfˆny jdoˆ vyiKaf ik sovIaq sMG ibKr igaf hY. ikAUbf dI hflq bhuq gMBIrsI ikAuˆik AunHfˆ dI pUrI mflI hflq sovIaq sMG Auwqy inrBr sI. ikAUbf dy Auwqy rokF lgIaF hoeIaf sn ijsdy kfrn Auh afpxf sfmfn dunIaf ivwc ikqy hor nhIˆ Byj skdy sn. Aus smyˆ AunHfˆ nUM mdd dI sÉq ËrUrq sI.AunHfˆdykol nhfAux leI sfbx nhIˆ sI aqy nf hI KfxleI kxk." XycurI awgy dwsdy hn, "kfmryz surjIq ny aYlfn kr idwqf ik Auh ds hjfr tn kxk ikAUbf nUM Byjxgy. AunHfˆ ny lokfˆ qoN anfj jmfˆ kIqf aqy pYsy jmfˆ kIqy. Aus jmfny ivwc nrisMhf rfEdI srkfr sI. AunHfˆ dI koiÈÈfˆ nfl pMjfb dIafˆ mMzIafˆ qoN iewk ivÈyÈ tRyn kolkqf bMdrgfh ByjI geI. mYnUM hux qwk Xfd hY Aus iÈp df nfm sI kYirbIan ipRMsj. AunHfˆ ny nrisMhf rfE nUM ikhf ik asIN ds hjfr tn kxk Byj rhy hfˆ qfˆ srkfr vI ienHy df hI Xogdfn dyvy. srkfr ny vI ieMnI hI kxk idwqI aqy kxk nfl ds hjfr sfbx vI Byjy gey. AuwQy jdoˆ jhfjL awpiVaf qfˆ Aus nUM irsIv krn leI PIdyl kfsqro ny Kfs qOr `qy surjIq nUM bulvfieaf. Aus mOky Auwqy kfsqro ny ikhf ik 'surjIq sop aqy surjIq brYWz' nfl ikAUbf ijMdf rhygf kuwJ idnfˆ qwk.”

          surjIq dI pqnI pRIqm kOr Xfd krdI hY ik AunHfˆnUM isrP pVHn ilKx df ÈOk sI. iPlmfˆ afid Auh nhIˆ vyKdy sn. Auh dwsdI hY, "iewk hI iPlm mYnUM Xfd hY jo mYˆ AunHfˆ dy nfl vyKI sI aqy Auh sI mdr ieMizaf. iewk awDI vfr Auh mYnUM ivdyÈ lY ky jrUr gey sn. mYnUM Xfd hY iewk vfr asI cIn gey sn aqy iewk vfr svIzn. AunHfˆdykol iewk Cotf ryzIE hoieaf krdf sI ijs dy nfl Auh idn ivwc do vfr bIbIsI ryzIE suixaf krdy sn."

hriksLn isMG surjIq afpxI pqnI pRIqm kOr nfl

          1996 ivwc jdoˆ joqI bfsU nUM pRDfn mMqrI bxfAux df pRsqfv afieaf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny Aus df smrQn kIqf sI. lyikn jdoˆ pfrtI ivwc Ausdf ivroD hoieaf qfˆ AunHfˆ ny apxI rfey Aus dy Auwqy QopI nhIˆ sI. sIqfrfm XycurI Xfd krdy hn, "XUaYWP dI mIitMg qoN prq ky surjIq ny ikhf ik joqI bfsuU nUM pRDfn mMqrI bxfAux df iewk DVy vwloˆ pRsqfv afieaf hY. AunHfˆdf mMnxf sI ik sfnUM ieh pRsqfv mMnlYxf cfhIdf hY lyikn sYNtrl kmytI ny qYa kIqf ik sfnUM ieh pRsqfv nhIˆ mMnxf cfhIdf hY. jdoˆ surjIq ies PYsly dI sUcnf dyx XUaYWP dI bYTk ivwc gey qfˆ mYnUM vI afpxy nfl lY gey. jdoˆ asI krnftk Bvn puwjy qfˆ AuwQy mOjUd sB lok ieh sux ky bhuq nrfj hoey. Auh surjIq aqy bfsU nUM kuwJ kih nhIˆ skdy sn. ies leI AunHfˆ ny sfrf guwsf myry Auwqy Auqfiraf aqy mYnUM kfÌI gflfˆ peIafˆ."

XycurI awgy dwsdy hn, "AunHfˆ ny ikhf ies PYsly Auwqy dubfrf ivcfr hovy. asI dubfrf sYNtrl kmytI dy kol afey. jdoˆ qwk bhuq sfry lok jf cuwky sn lyikn AunHfˆ ny dubfrf ikhf ik joqI bfsU nUM pRDfn mMqrI df pd nhIˆ sMBflnf cfhIdf hY. sfÌ hY ienHF dohF PYsilaF qoN KuÈ nhIˆ sn lyikn AunHfˆ ny kimAUinst ispfhI dI qrHfˆ Aus PYsly nUM mMinaf. "

pfrtI dy ienHy vwzy pdfˆ Auwqy kMm krn aqy ikMg mykr dI BUimkf inBfAux dy bfvjUd surjIq aMq qwk iewk sDfrx iksfn dI qrHfˆ rhy. sIqfrfm XycurI nUM AunHfˆ dy nfl keI vfr ivdyÈfˆ ivwc sMmylnfˆ ivwc Bfg lYx jfxf huMdf sI. XycurI kihMdy hn, "Auh roj svyry myrf drvfjf KtKtf ky kihMdy sn ik cfh iqafr hY ijsnUM Auh gIjrdy pfxI nfl tI bYg pf ky afpxy afp iqafr krdy sn. svyry dI cfh dy ibnfˆ AunHfˆ df isstm kMm nhIˆ krdf sI aqy ies cfh Auwqy hI asI lok idn Brdy kMmfˆ dI Xojnf bxfAuˆdy sF.”

aijhy dyÈ vI hn jo aslIaq ivwc hY hI nhIN hn!

mUl lyiKk: zyivz rfbsn

pMjfbI rUpaFqr: prmjIq sMDU

        qusIN dunIaf dy qmfm dyÈF dy nfm suxy hoxgy ijnHF nUM sMXukq rfÈtr sMG vwloN mfnqf imlI hoeI hY. ieh dyÈ afps ivwc kfrobfr krdy hn aqy smJOqy krdy hn. mgr dunIaf ivwc aijhy vI dyÈ hn, ijnHF df nfm-pqf quhfnUM pqf hI nhIN aqy ijnHF dy bfry ivwc qusIN suixaf hI nhIN. ho skdf hY ik jfxy axjfxy ivwc qusI iehnF ivcoN koeI dyÈ GuMm vI afey hovo. quhfnUM XkIn Bly hI nf hovy lyikn dunIaf ivwc aijhy bhuq sfry ielfky hn ijwQy rihx vfly vwKry dyÈ dy nfgirk hox df dfavf krdy hn. keIaF dy afpxy JMzy hn, afpxI krMsI hY aqy afpxf tYks df isstm hY. aijhy dyÈ amrIkf qoN lY ky afstrylIaf qwk PYly hoey hn. ieh gwl hor hY ik ienHF nUM nfN sMXukq rfÈtr mfnqf idMdf hY, nf dUsry dyÈ. nfm suxygo qF cONk jfEgy. kuwJ aijhy mulkF dy nfm suxo. altfnIam, kirstInIaf, ielgflYNz-vrgflYNz.

        ieMglYNz dI afksPorz XUnIvristI ivwc BUgol pVfAux vfly, inwk imzltn ny iewk ikqfb ilKI hY, ijsdf nfm hY, 'aYn aYtls afP kMtrIj dYt zONt aYgijst'. ies ivwc qmfm aijhy dyÈF df ijLkr hY jo afpxI pihcfx dI jMg lV rhy hn aqy afpxy afp nUM afjLfd GoiÈq kIqf hoieaf hY. ijnHF dy kol afpxI krMsI hY, srkfr hY aqy JMzf vI hY. hflFik ienHF nUM koeI hor mfnqf nhIN idMdf. ienHF dyÈF ny afpxf vwK hI 'sMXukq rfÈtr sMG' vI bxf ilaf hY aqy ieh Aus dy mYNbr hn ijs nUM 'anrIprijLntyitv XUnfeItz nysLn' afiKaf jFdf hY.

        imzltn nUM aijhy dyÈF dy bfry ivwc idlcspI qwd hoeI, jdoN Auh afpxI DI dy nfl ikwsy khfxIaF dy dyÈ 'nfrnIaf' dy bfry ivwc pV rhy sn ijsdf ijLkr mÈhUr aMgryË lyKk sI aYs lueIs dI ikqfb 'd lfien, d ivwc aYNz d vfrzrob' ivwc afieaf sI. BUgol pVHn pVfAux vfly ink nUM ies khfxI qoN aijhy dyÈF dI Koj-KLbr lYx dI suwJI, jo dUsiraF dI nËr ivwc hY hI nhIN aqy ijvyN hI AunHF ny aijhy dyÈF dI qlfÈ ÈurU kIqI, mMn lAu AunHF dy hwQ iewk vwzf Kjfnf hI lwg igaf. aijhy byÈumfr dyÈ hn ijnHF dI hoNd nUM mMinaf nhIN jFdf. ies leI imzltn dI ikqfb ivwclI jgHf vI Gwt pY geI. asl ivwc iesdI vwzI vjHf hY dyÈ dI pirBfÈf. imzltn ny jdoN Koijaf qF dyiKaf ik iewk mulk kI huMdf hY, ies dI TIk-TIk koeI pirBfÈf, rUp-ryKf hI qYa nhIN. kuwJ lokF ny AunHF nUM 1933 ivwc lYitn amrIkI dyÈ Aurugvy dy mONtyvIzIE Èihr ivwc amrIkI dyÈF dy iewk sMmyln (kfnPrMs) df hvflf idwqf. iesdy muqfbk, iksy ielfky nUM qwd iewk dyÈ mMinaf jFdf hY, jdoN Ausdf inXq Kyqr hovy, qYa jnsMiKaf hovy, iewk srkfr hovy aqy dUsry dyÈF dy nfl smJOqy krn dI smrwQf hovy.

        ies pYmfny nfl nfpIey qF keI qF aijhIaF QfvF hn jo dyÈ qF mMny jfxgy mgr sMXukq rfÈtr sMG AunHF nUM mfnqf nhIN idMdf. msln, qfievfn nUM hI lvo. 1971 qwk ies nUM dyÈ dI mfnqf imlI sI. lyikn Aus sfl jdoN cIn sMXukq rfÈtr sMG df ihwsf bixaf qF qfievfn qoN dyÈ hox df drjf Kuws igaf.

        gryt brItyn (brqfnIaF) df kys vI ies qrHF dI Audfhrx hY. dyÈ dI pirBfÈf dy ZFcy ivwc ieh vI iPt nhIN bYTdf. hux gryt brItyn ivwc ieMglYNz, skftlYNz, vylj aqy AuWqrI afierlYNz vwK vwK rfj mMny jFdy hn. iehnF dIaF afpxIaF vwK vwK tImF hn. Pwutbfl dIaF ieMtrnYsLnl lIgF hn aqy keI KyzF ivwc ieh dysL iewk dUsry dy mukfbly Auqrdy hn. lyikn sMXukq rfÈtr sMG ivwc ienHF sfiraf nUM imlfky iewk dyÈ df drjf imilaf hY. ink imzltn kihMdy hn ik 1933 dy mONntyvIzE smJOqy dI pirBfÈf dy ihsfb nfl qF ieMglYNz vI iewk dyÈ nhIN hY.

        ies leI AunHF ny aijhy dyÈF AuWqy Poks kIqf, jo mOntyvIzE smJOqy dy pYmfny AuWqy qF mulk hn, mgr sMXukq rfÈtr sMG AunHF nUM mfnqf nhIN idMdf. ink ny aijhy dyÈF dI jo ilst bxfeI hY, AunHF ivcoN kuwJ dy nfm qF qusIN pwky suxy hoxgy. ijvyN qfievfn, iqwbq, grInlYNz, aqy AuWqrI sfiepRs. ienHF dy mukfbly aijhy nfm hn ijnHF dy nfmF nUM Gwt hI jfixaf jFdf hY lyikn AuQoN dy lokF dy ierfidaF daF ivwc koeI kmI nhIN aqy AunHF dIaF AumIdF `qy koeI rok Jok nhIN hY.

        ijvyN amrIkf ivwc hY lkotf irpbilk. ies dI jnsMiKaf iewk lwK hY. dunIaf dy sB qoN qfkqvr mulk amrIkf dI aYn CfqI AuWqy lwq rwKkyy KVy hn ieh lok, jo ik lsotf isEks jnjfqI dy hn. ieh KLud nUM vwKry dyÈ dy vsnIk mMndy hn. amrIkI lok ienHF lokF nUM afpxy lflc df iÈkfr bxfAuNdy rihMdy hn. ienHF lokF dy puriKaF ny 1868 ivwc amrIkf nfl smJOqf kIqf sI ijs dy muqfibk ienHF nUM rfkI phfV lVI dy 'blYk ihljL' ielfky ivwc rihx dI iejfjLq imlI sI. pr AunIvIN sdI ivwc sony dI qlfÈ ivwc afey amrIkIaF ny iehnF dIaF AumIdF aqy hwkF nUM kucl idwqf sI aqy amrIkI srkfr vI afpxf bcn Buwl geI. awj qoN krIb zyZ sO sfl qoN lkotf jnjfqI dy lok afpxy hwk leI qfkqvr amrIkI srkfr nfl lV rhy hn.

        1998 ivwc amrIkI supRIm kort ny ies jnjfqI dy lokF nUM julm df iÈkfr dwsky ienHF dy leI hrjfny dI rkm qYa kIqI sI jo ik 600 imlIan zflr sI. lyikn lkotf jnjfqI dy lokF ny ikhf AunHF dy leI ieh rkm lYxf, julm nUM jfiejL TihrfAux vrgf hovygf aqy AunHF ny ieh rkm leI hI nhIN sI. AunHF dI lVfeI ipCly krIb zyZ sO sflF qoN jfrI hY. 2007 ivwc ienHF lokF ny amrIkf qoN ajLfd hox leI vfisLgtn qwk iewk vwzf ros mfrc kIqf sI.

        aijhf hI iewk hor dyÈ hY aPrIkf ivwc. ijsdf nfm hY broqslYNz ijsdI afbfdI hY krIb pYNqI lwK hY.hux ies ielfky dy lok jLFbIaf qoN vwK hox dI lVfeI lV rhy hn. aPrIkf ivwc aijhf hI dUjf dyÈ hY EgonIlYNz, ijwQy dy lok nfiejIrIaf qoN vwK hoxf cfhuMdy hn. broqslYNz aqy EgonIlYNz, donF ny sfl 2012 ivwc KLud nUM afjfd GoiÈq kr idwqf sI.

        AuQy hI afstryilaf ivwc sfl 2013 ivwc murfvrI nfm dy iewk nvyN dyÈ df aYlfn kIqf igaf sI. jdoN afstrylIaf dI iewk jnjfqI dy lokF ny ieMglYNz dI mhfrfxI aYiljbQ dUsrI nUM Kq iliKaf aqy ikhf ik AunHF AuWqy Èfsn krn df afpxf hwk Auh iewk mhIny ivwc jfiej sfbq kry. sfÌ hY Kq df jvfb nhIN sI afAuxf aqy nhIN afieaf qF ies jnjfqI dy lokF ny KLud nUM afjLfd krfr idwqf.

        AuNJ ink imzltn dI ikqfb ivwc Èfiml hr dyÈ df aijhf Èfndfr ieiqhfs nhIN. keI qF aijhy hn jo isrP kuwJ lokF dI snk dI vjHf nfl hoNd ivwc afey. afstrylIaf ivwc hI aijhf dyÈ hox df dfavf krdf hY KyqIbfVI krn vfly prvfr df iewk gruwp. KyqI krn vfly ienHF prvfrF ny afpxy dyÈ df nfm 'hwt irvr' rwiKaf hY. ieh iksfn afstrylIaf srkfr nfl PslF dy koty nUM lY ky nrfjL sn. AunHF ny acfnk iewk idn KLud nUM afstrylIaf qoN afjfd hox df aYlfn kr idwqf. afpxI krMsI bxf leI, afpxI zfk syvf ÈurU kr idwqI, iewQy qwk ik ÈfhI AupfDIaF vI vMzx lwgy. imzltn dwsdy hn ik ies Coty ijhy dyÈ ivwc 'stYNp' zfk itktF df kfrobfr cmk AuiTaf hY. iewQoN qwk ky kYnyzf df post afiPs vI ies Coty ijhy dysL qoN stYNpF CpvfAuNdf irhf hY. ieh hI nhIN 'hwt irvr' dysL dI zfk kYnyzf rfhIN hI hornF QfvF nUM jFdI qy afAuNdI rhI hY. hfl ieh hY ik afstrylIaf srkfr ny vI Qwk hfrky AunHF nUM AunHF dy hfl AuWqy Cwz idwqf. hux Auh afstryIlaf dI srkfr nUM tYks vI adf nhIN krdy.

        XUrp ivwc vI aijhy keI dyÈ hn. ijvyN skftlYNz dy nyVy siQq ÈYtlYNz tfpU AuWqy vsfieaf igaf dyÈ Pfrivk, brIitÈ smuMdrI qwt dy nyVy siQq sIlYNz aqy zYnmfrk dI rfjDfnI kopnhygn dy TIk ivwckfr siQq kirsitnIaf. kirsitnIaf nfm df jo dyÈ hY, AusdI kul afbfdI 850 hY. 1971 ivwc kopnhygn ivwc kuwJ lokF ny POj dI iewk purfxI bYrk AuWqy kbËf kr ilaf aqy KLud nUM afjfd mulk GoiÈq kr idwqf, ijs ivwc hr PYsly AuWqy hr nfgirk nUM vot dyx df hwk hfsl hY. hY nf iek idlcsp dyÈ. hux aijhy dyÈ df koeI kry vI qF kI. zYnmfrk dI srkfr ny vI AunHF nUM AunHF dy hfl AuWqy Cwz idwqf hY. iewQy dy lokF nUM zYnmfrk dy bfkI lokF dy mukfbly kuwJ ijLafdf afËfdI hfsl hY. msln iewQy dy lok gFjf pI skdy hn, jdoN ik bfkI zYnmfrk ivwc ies AuWqy rok hY.

        aijhy qmfm dyÈF dy bfry ivwc jfxkfrI iekwTI krdy krdy ink imzltn nUM vI iehnF ivcoN kuwJ dy pRqI hmdrdI ho geI hY. Auh kihMdy hn ik lwKF lokF leI ieh ijMdgI aqy mOq df svfl hY. afjfdI nfl jIx df svfl hY. jo virHaF qoN julm shfr rhy hn mgr AunHF ny AumId df dfmn nhIN Cwizaf. awj vI AunHF ivwc afËfdI leI qVÌ hY. hflFik ink mMndy hn ik iehnF ivcoN ijafdfqr dIaF AumIdF df prvfn cVHnf muÈkl hY. kuwJ hI hn ijnHF dy afËfdI dy spny dy hkIkq ivwc bdln dI AumId hY. ijvyN zYnmfrk dy kbjLy vflf grInlYNz, ijs nUM inwjI Kyqr (sYlP rUl) df drjf iml cuwikaf hY. afm qOr AuWqy ieh afËfdI dI idÈf ivwc pihlf kdm huMdf hY.

        hflFik ibnF pihcfx vfly ieh dyÈ mnuwKqf dy leI keI vwzy svfl KVy krdy hn. svfl ieh ik afiKr iks ny iks nUM ieh hwk idwqf ik jLmIn dy iewk tukVy AuWqy lkIr iKwcI aqy aYlfn kr idwqf ik ieh iewk dyÈ hY. afiKr ikAuN nhIN sB iensfn iml-julky rih skdy. ijvyN aMtfrktIkf mhFdIp. ijs ivwc koeI iewk dyÈ nhIN. dunIaf dy qmfm dyÈ imlky Aus nUM sFJf krdy hn.

        iek svfl ink imzltn dI ikqfb dy afiKLrI pMinaF ivwc AuTdf hY ik do aijhy dyÈ hn jo dyÈ dI pirBfÈf nUM hI cuxoqI idMdy hn. afstrylIaf ivwc aijhf hI mulk hY atlFtIam. ies dI rfjDfnI kfnkfrzIaf ivwc iensfnF qoN ijLafdf kMgfrU rihMdy hn. mgr atlFtIam dI koeI srhwd nhIN. mqlb ikqy vI, koeI vI iesdf nfgirk bx skdf hY. ies dysL dI vYWb sfeIt `qy hyT idwqf 'sunyhf' iliKaf hoieaf jo hUbhU Cfipaf jf irhf hY.

("In an age where people increasingly are unified by common interests and purposes across - rather than within - traditional national boundaries, Atlantium offers an alternative to the discriminatory historic practice of assigning nationality to individuals on the basis of accidents of birth or circumstance.")

        aijhf hI iewk hor dyÈ hY ielgflYNz-vrgflYNz. ies dI nINh do svIizÈ klfkfrF ny rwKI sI. ies mulk dI pirBfÈf qF hor vI ivafpk hY. ieh Aus ielfky AuWqy afpxf dfavf krdf hY, jo iksy hor dyÈ df ihwsf nhIN. ijvyN do dyÈF dIaF sImfvF dy ivwclI 'no mYn lYNz'. ies qrHF smMdr ivwc vI ieh dyÈ Aus ihwsy AuWqy dfavf krdf hY jo iksy aqy dyÈ dI smuMdrI sImf ivwc nhIN afAuNdy. ies ilhfË nfl qF qusI vI keI vfr ies dyÈ ivwc GuMmky af cuwky hovygy aqy quhfnUM pqf vI nhIN lwgf hovygf. imzltn nUM ielgflYNz-vrgflYNz, iksy khfxIaF dy dyÈ nfrnIaf vrgf lwgdf hY, ijs dy ikwsy pVHn nfl hI aijhy dyÈF dI qlfÈ ÈurU hoeI sI.

        Auh mMndy hn ik aijhy dyÈ Bly hI afËfdI hfsl nf kr skx, mgr ienHF ny aMqrrfÈtrI pwDr AuWqy iewk bihs nUM qF jnm dy hI idwqf hY ik mnuwKqf ny KLud nUM ijs qrHF mulkF dy pYmfny ivwc bMn ilaf hY, isrP Auh vI pirBfÈf hI TIk nhIN hY. ienHF dyÈF dy bfry ivwc pVHky iewk gwl qF pwky qOr AuWqy khI jf skdI hY. dunIaf bdl rhI hY aqy lgfqfr bdlI jf rhI hY. ieh iksny soicaf sI ik qfkqvr sovIaq sMG iewk idn tuwtky ibKr jfvygf.

        ho skdf hY awgy clky cOkf dyx vfly bdlfa hox. purfxy dyÈF dy twutx aqy nvyN dyÈF dy jnm lYx df islislf lgfqfr cwl irhf hY. qF ho skdf hY ik BivwK ivwc aijhy qmfm ielfky dyÈF ivwc qbdIl ho jfx ijnHF df asIN nfm qwk nf suixaf hovy.

not:- inwk imzltn dI ieh ikqfb trONto lfiebryrI ivwc vI AuplbD hY aqy 'aYmfjon zft kfm' qoN vI KrIdI jf skdI hY. –sMpfdk

Bfrq df ikMnf vwzf mddgfr hY iesrfeIl?

- alvfiet inMgQfAujm (rxnIqk ivÈlyÈk)

Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl dy ivwc qyjLI nfl vwD rhy rxnIqk sbMDF AuWqy gwl krnf hux tYbU nhIN irhf. meI, 2014 ivwc hoeIaF lok sBf coxF ivwc BfrqI jnqf pfrtI dI joLrdfr ijwq dy bfad, Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl dy sMbMD nvIaF AucfeIaF qwk phuMc gey hn. donF dyÈF ivwc swjy pwKI pfrtIaF, ijwQy BfrqI jnqf pfrtI aqy iesrfeIl ivwc ilkuz, dIaF srkfrF hn. donF ivwc ivcfrDfrf dy pwDr AuWqy keI smfnqfvF hn ijnHF ny donF dyÈF dy afpsI sbMDF nUM ivsQfr idwqf hY. Bfrq ivwc cox nqIjf afAux qoN pihlF hI anumfn lgfieaf jf irhf sI ik donF dyÈF dy ivwc rwiKaf sOdy, Kfskr POjI kfrobfr nUM bVfvf imlygf, ijs qrHF dy POjI smJOqy hoey hn, Auh iesdI puÈtI vI krdy hn. pihlF dI qrHF, hux donF dyÈF dy nyqf mOjUdf irÈiqaF dI mËbUqI dy bfry ivwc gwl krn ivwc iJjkdy mihsUs nhIN krdy hn. Bfrq ivwc iesrfeIlI rfjdUq zYnIal kfrmon ny ipCly sfl mfrc ivwc donF dyÈF dy ivwc vwD rhy POjI smJOqy dy bfry ivwc ikhf sI, sfnUM nf qF sMkoc hY aqy nf hI asI ÈrimMdf hF. AuQy hI iesrfeIlI ÉËfnf-mMqrI moÈy XflUn ny bIqy sfl PrvrI ivwc Bfrq df dOrf kIqf sI. AunHF ny ies dOrfn mMinaf sI ik iesrfeIl dy POjI AudXog dy ilhfË nfl Bfrq mhwqvpUrx hY. AunHF ny Bfrq dy nfl qknIkI Xogqf aqy muhfrq nUM sFJf krn dI iewCf vI pRgt kIqI sI. AunHF dI ies Xfqrf nfl donF dyÈF  dy ivwc srkfrI aqy inwjI sYktr ivwc hiQafrF dy Auqpfdn nUM Pfiedf hox dI AumId kIqI jf rhI hY. 1990 dhfky qoN hI Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl dy ivwc POjI sMbMD sB qoN aihm rhy hn. bIqy iewk dhfky dy dOrfn donF dyÈF dy ivwc krIb 670 arb rupey df kfrobfr hoieaf hY. mOjUdf smyN ivwc Bfrq sflfnf krIb 67 arb qoN 100 arb rupey dy POjI Auqpfd iesrfeIl qoN afXfq kr irhf hY. ieh aFkVy qwd hor vI mhwqvpUrx lwgx lwgdy hn jdoN Aus scfeI dy vwl iDafn jFdf hY ik donF dyÈF dy ivwc isafsqI sbMDF dI Èuruafq jnvrI 1992 ivwc hoeI sI. donF dyÈF dy ivwc irÈqy nUM mËbUqI dyx ivwc iesrfeIl dI hiQafr vycx dI iewCf vI rhI hY. ies ivwc 1999 dy kfrigl lVfeI dy dOrfn iesqymfl kIqy gey lyjLr gfeIzz bMb aqy mnuwKrihq hvfeI jhfjL Èfiml rhy hn. sMkt dy smyN Bfrq dy isPfrsL AuWqy iesrfeIl dI qurMq pRqIikraf ny Aus nUM Bfrq leI BrosymMd hiQafrF dI pUrqI krn vfly dyÈ dy qOr AuWqy sQfpq kIqf aqy ies qoN donF dyÈF dy irÈqy kfÌI mËbUq hoey hn. Pfietr eyarkrfPtF nUM jykr Cwz idE qF iesrfeIl ny Bfrq nUM kuwJ aihm hiQafr AuplwbD krfey hn. mOjUdf smyN ivwc iesrfeIl imjLfeIl, aYNtI imjLfiel isstm, XUeyvI, toh lYx vflI qknIk, ielYktrfink vfrPyar isstm, hvfeI jhfj ivwc iesqymfl hox vflI qknIk aqy golf-bfrUd iesrfeIl vwzI mfqrf ivwc Bfrq nUM AuplwbD krfAuNdf hY. donF dyÈF dy ivwc hoey smJOiqaF ivwcoN ijLafdfqr ienHF POjI AuqpfdF nfl sbMDq huMdy hn. Bfrq dy rwiKaf bfËfr dI ahimaq Aus sOdy qoN vI sfÌ huMdI hY, jdoN iesrfeIl ny Bfrq nUM meI 2009 aqy mfrc 2010 ivwc 73[7 arb rupey ivwc rUs dy bxfey ieilAUiÈn 2-76 nfl lYs Pflkn eyarborn vfrinMg aYNz kMtrol isstm (avfks) vyicaf sI. BfrqI hvfeI POj dy kol iqMn afpryÈnl avfks mOjUd hn, iesdy ielfvf do hor dy jldI hI hvfeI POj ivwc Èfiml hox dI AumId hY. amrIkI dbfa ivwc ieh qknIk iesrfeIl ny cIn nUM nhIN idwqI sI. bIqy do sflF dy dOrfn, donF dyÈF dy ivwc keI mhwqvpUrx POjI smJOqy hoey hn. modI srkfr dy swqf ivwc afAux dy kuwJ hI mhIinaF bfad sqMbr 2014 ivwc Bfrq ny iesrfeIlI aYrospys ieMzstrI df 'brfk aYNtI imjLfeIl izPYNs isstm' KLrIdx dI GoÈxf kIqI sI, ieh sB qoN mhwqvpUrx smJOiqaF ivwcoN iewk hY. ies KrIddfrI leI Bfrq nUM krIb 965 kroV rupey df Bugqfn krnf pvygf jd ik ipwClI XUpIey srkfr ies smJOqy qoN ipwCy hwt geI sI. lyikn mOjUdf srkfr Bfrq dI POjI rwiKaf sLkqI nUM vDfAux AuWqy Ëor dy rhI hY. ies ivwc BfrqI nyvI nUM aYNtI bilsitk imjLfeIl nfl lYs krnf vI Èfiml hY. iewk mhIny bfad, BfrqI rwiKaf ÉrId pirÈd ny 8,356 iesrfeIl dy bxy spfeIk aYNtI tYNk gfeIzz imsfiel (eytIjIaYWm) aqy 321 lFcrF nUM 52[5 kroV zflr ivwc KLrIdx df PYslf ilaf sI. ieh smJOqf vI mhwqvpUrx irhf, ikAuNik iesrfeIlI AupkrxF nUM amrIkI jyvyiln imjLfeIl nfloN qrjIh idwqI geI hY. amrIkf ny afpxI vwloN Bfrq nUM jYvyiln imsfielF nUM vycx dI bhuq koiÈÈ kIqI sI lyikn donF dyÈF  dy ivwc POjI-qknIkF dI afn pRdfn dy axsulJy msly nUM vyKdy hoey Bfrq srkfr ny spfeIk AuWqy Brosf pRgt kIqf sI. hflFik ies smJOqy nfl iesrfeIl nUM KuÈ hox dI jLrUrq nhIN hY ikAuNik ieh smJOqf Bfrq dy Aus njrIey dy cldy sMBv ho sikaf ijsdy qihq Bfrq POjI AuqpfdF dI ÉrId dy nfl-nfl POj nUM afDuink bxfAux leI qknIkF nUM vI hfsl krn dI rxnIqI AuWqy kMm kr irhf hY. iesdf ijLkr sqMbr, 2014 ivwc ÈurU hoey 'myk ien ieMizaf' pRojYkt ivwc hY. iesdy ielfvf Bfrq ny iesrfeIl qoN 2680 kroV rupey dI 10 hyrfn tIpI XUeyvI (mfnvrihq hvfeI jhfjL) KLrIdx dI vI GoÈxf kIqI hY. iesdI mdd nfl BfrqI POj dI ingrfnI krn aqy toh lYx dI smrwQf kfÌI vwD jfvygI. Bfrq hux ingrfnI aqy toh lYx leI iesrfeIl ivwc bxy 176 zron iesqymfl kr irhf hY, ijs ivwc 108 afeIeyafeI (iesrfeIlI eyarospys ieMzstrI) srcr hn jdoN ik 68 ibnF hiQafrF vfly hyrfn eyarkrfPt hn. iesdy ielfvf BfrqI hvfeI POj dy kol afeIeyafeI inrmfixq hfrpI zron vI hn.

          ies prMprfgq POjI AupkrxF dy nfl sImF AuWqy vfV lgfAux nfl sbMDq qknIk df vI Bfrq, iesrfeIl qoN inrXfq kr irhf hY. ies df iesqymfl jMmU aYNz kÈmIr dy lfeIn afP kMtrol AuWqy kIqf igaf hY. Audfhrx dy leI gRih mMqrI rfjnfQ isMG dy nvMbr, 2014  dy iesrfeIlI dOry dy smyN nyqMnXfhU ny ikhf sI ik iesrfeIl Bfrq dy nfl sImf surwiKaf dIaF qknIkF dy afn pRdfn leI iqafr aqy iewCk hY. sImf pfr qoN GuwspYT dy vwDdy mfmilaF nUM vyKdy hoey ies idÈf ivwc ijLafdf sihXog dI AumId hY.

          iesdy ielfvf Bfrq aqy iesrfeIlI POjI kfrobfr ivwc sih Auqpfdn aqy sFJf pRogrfm aiq mhwqvpUrx pihlU hn. ieh lMmI aqy mwD dUrI qwk mfr krn vfly eyar imsfiel, eIzbilAUaYWs, hor hvfeI rxnIqk AupkrxF dy ivkfs leI Bfrq dy izPYNs irsrc aYNz izvYlpmyNt afrgynfeIjyÈn (zIafrzIE) aqy iesrfeIlI aYrospys ieMzstrI (afeIeyafeI) aqy kuwJ hor iesrfeIlI PrmF dy ivckfr hox vflf sihXog hY. hfl hI ivwc donF dyÈF dy sMXukq pRogrfm nUM qwd vwzI kfmXfbI imlI jdoN donF dyÈF duafrf ivkisq brfk-8 aYlafr-aYssaYmm (70 iklomItr dI ryNj vfly) df dsMbr 2015 ivwc sPlqfpUrvk qjrbf kIqf igaf. hux ies gwl dI sMBfvnf hY ik dUsry dyÈ vI Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl qoN ieh imsfiel ÉrId skdy hn. ies sB kuJ nUM vyKdy hoey, Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl dy ivwc POjI kfrobfr df BivwK kfÌI cmkdfr ivwK irhf hY aqy iesdy vDx dI AumId hY. Bfrq POjI qknIkF nUM hfsl krnf cfhuMdf hY aqy ieh ieko iewk aijhI vjHf hY ijs dy cldy Aus nUM iesrfeIl dy nfl afpxy irÈqy nUM vDfAux dI jLrUrq hY. BfrqI POj dy afDuinkIkrx dI suwsq rPqfr nUM vyKdy hoey iesrfeIl Bfrq df sB qoN mhwqvpUrx mddgfr sfbq ho skdf hY. aijhy ivwc Bfrq aqy iesrfeIl dy POjI kfrobfr ivwc qknIk sMcfr sB qoN aihm pihlU hY, ies df ijLkr BfrqI pRDfn mMqrI vI kr cuwky hn. ies qoN sfÌ hY ik donF dyÈF dy ivwc afpsI irÈqy rwiKafqmk sOdy aqy rfÈtrI surwiKaf dI qknIkI cunOqIaF AuWqy inrBr hoxgy.